Improving Energy Performance in Canada – Report to Parliament Under the Energy Efficiency Act For the Fiscal Year 2006-2007
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Appendix 2: Data Presented in Report
The aggregate energy-use data presented in this report are taken from Statistics Canada's Report on Energy Supply-Demand in Canada (RESD). Differences exist between this report and Canada's Emissions Outlook: An Update (CEO Update) concerning the sector allocations of RESD energy-use data. The CEO Update's sector allocation is based on Environment Canada's Trends in Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990-1997, whereas this report uses a definition better suited for the purpose of energy end-use analysis. Some modifications to the original Statistics Canada data were required and are documented in Appendix A of Natural Resources Canada's Energy Use Data Handbook, 1990 and 1997 to 2005.
FIGURE 1-1: Energy Intensity and the Energy Efficiency Effect,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Energy intensity index |
Index of energy efficiency effect |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.00 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.00 |
0.97 |
| 1993 |
1.00 |
0.96 |
| 1994 |
0.99 |
0.96 |
| 1995 |
0.98 |
0.92 |
| 1996 |
1.00 |
0.93 |
| 1997 |
0.97 |
0.91 |
| 1998 |
0.91 |
0.89 |
| 1999 |
0.89 |
0.87 |
| 2000 |
0.87 |
0.87 |
| 2001 |
0.84 |
0.86 |
| 2002 |
0.85 |
0.87 |
| 2003 |
0.85 |
0.88 |
| 2004 |
0.84 |
0.86 |
| 2005 |
0.81 |
0.84 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 1-2: Secondary Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.00 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.03 |
1.00 |
| 1993 |
1.05 |
1.01 |
| 1994 |
1.09 |
1.05 |
| 1995 |
1.15 |
1.07 |
| 1996 |
1.17 |
1.11 |
| 1997 |
1.20 |
1.11 |
| 1998 |
1.20 |
1.09 |
| 1999 |
1.25 |
1.12 |
| 2000 |
1.29 |
1.17 |
| 2001 |
1.27 |
1.14 |
| 2002 |
1.31 |
1.18 |
| 2003 |
1.33 |
1.22 |
| 2004 |
1.36 |
1.23 |
| 2005 |
1.38 |
1.22 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 2-1: Volume of Monthly Import Documents
| Month and year |
Paper |
Electronic |
| Apr. 06 |
5 696 |
44 497 |
| May 06 |
5 837 |
49 937 |
| Jun. 06 |
7 660 |
51 181 |
| Jul. 06 |
6 681 |
46 486 |
| Aug. 06 |
7 407 |
48 317 |
| Sep. 06 |
6 240 |
48 572 |
| Oct. 06 |
7 188 |
51 983 |
| Nov. 06 |
2 712 |
48 904 |
| Dec. 06 |
2 254 |
44 867 |
| Jan. 07 |
2 424 |
42 660 |
| Feb. 07 |
2 912 |
42 363 |
| Mar. 07 |
2 372 |
52 409 |
| Total |
59 383 |
572 176 |
|
FIGURE 2-4: ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances as a Percentage of Total Category Sales in Canada, 1999 to 2005
| Appliance |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Dishwashers |
0.56 |
1.57 |
9.66 |
29.77 |
56.50 |
80.95 |
90.80 |
| Refrigerators |
– |
– |
11.40 |
22.26 |
40.68 |
34.16 |
37.60 |
| Washers |
1.93 |
2.24 |
9.24 |
22.07 |
30.55 |
36.16 |
45.90 |
|
FIGURE 2-5: ENERGY STAR Awareness Levels in Canada, 2005
| |
Percent |
| Aware – non-aided |
36 |
| Aware – aided |
80 |
|
FIGURE 3-1: Canadian Households by Type of Dwelling, 2005
| Dwelling type |
Number of households |
Percentage |
| Single detached homes |
7 083 709 |
56 |
| Apartments |
3 936 757 |
31 |
| Single attached homes |
1 320 470 |
11 |
| Mobile homes |
245 834 |
2 |
| |
|
|
| Total |
12 586 770 |
100 |
|
FIGURE 3-2: Residential Energy Use by Purpose, 2005
| Activity |
Energy use
(petajoules) |
Percentage |
| Space heating |
846.1 |
60 |
| Water heating |
248.2 |
18 |
| Appliances |
203.0 |
14 |
| Lighting |
68.4 |
5 |
| Space cooling |
36.5 |
3 |
| Total |
1402.2 |
100 |
|
FIGURE 3-3: Residential Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.04 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.10 |
1.01 |
| 1993 |
1.14 |
1.04 |
| 1994 |
1.14 |
1.07 |
| 1995 |
1.17 |
1.05 |
| 1996 |
1.22 |
1.12 |
| 1997 |
1.21 |
1.08 |
| 1998 |
1.14 |
0.99 |
| 1999 |
1.18 |
1.03 |
| 2000 |
1.25 |
1.08 |
| 2001 |
1.22 |
1.04 |
| 2002 |
1.28 |
1.08 |
| 2003 |
1.32 |
1.12 |
| 2004 |
1.32 |
1.10 |
| 2005 |
1.34 |
1.09 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 3-4: Annual Heating Consumption for Houses* Constructed to Different Standards
| Description |
EnerGuide for Houses Annual Heating Consumption (GJ) |
| Typical existing house (1970) |
216.81 |
| Typical new house (2002) |
146.27 |
| Model National Energy Code house (2002) |
112.10 |
| R-2000 house |
78.74 |
|
* 198 m² one-storey, single detached house heated with natural gas, Ottawa, Ontario.
FIGURE 3-5: Energy Intensity, Number of Households and Average Floor Space of New Houses Indexes,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Number of households |
Average floor space of new constructions |
Energy intensity (GJ/household) |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.03 |
0.99 |
0.96 |
| 1992 |
1.05 |
1.05 |
0.97 |
| 1993 |
1.07 |
1.06 |
0.98 |
| 1994 |
1.08 |
1.11 |
0.98 |
| 1995 |
1.10 |
1.10 |
0.95 |
| 1996 |
1.12 |
1.09 |
1.01 |
| 1997 |
1.13 |
1.13 |
0.96 |
| 1998 |
1.15 |
1.14 |
0.86 |
| 1999 |
1.17 |
1.20 |
0.88 |
| 2000 |
1.19 |
1.21 |
0.91 |
| 2001 |
1.20 |
1.22 |
0.86 |
| 2002 |
1.22 |
1.24 |
0.89 |
| 2003 |
1.23 |
1.18 |
0.91 |
| 2004 |
1.25 |
1.19 |
0.88 |
| 2005 |
1.27 |
1.19 |
0.86 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00.
FIGURE 3-6: Average Energy Consumption* of New Appliances, 1990 and 2005 Models
| Appliance |
1990 |
2005 |
| Clothes washers |
1218 |
444 |
| Clothes dryers |
1103 |
904 |
| Dishwashers |
1026 |
396 |
| Refrigerators |
956 |
469 |
| Electric ranges |
772 |
573 |
| Freezers |
714 |
386 |
|
* kWh/yr
FIGURE 3-7: Number of Eligible R-2000 Housing Starts, 1990 to 2006
| |
Number of
R-2000 houses |
| 1990 |
495 |
| 1991 |
699 |
| 1992 |
1196 |
| 1993 |
1299 |
| 1994 |
784 |
| 1995 |
610 |
| 1996 |
416 |
| 1997 |
484 |
| 1998 |
265 |
| 1999 |
213 |
| 2000 |
319 |
| 2001 |
329 |
| 2002 |
428 |
| 2003 |
379 |
| 2004 |
582 |
| 2005 |
478 |
| 2006 |
489 |
|
FIGURE 3-8: Residential Energy Use and Energy Savings per Household
| |
Pre-
1945 |
1945-
1959 |
1960-
1969 |
1970-
1979 |
1980-
1989 |
1990-
1999 |
2000-
2007 |
Average |
| Energy use pre-renovation (GJ) |
302 |
228 |
216 |
205 |
200 |
188 |
172 |
216 |
Actual energy
savings after renovations (GJ) |
102 |
66 |
58 |
53 |
47 |
47 |
46 |
60 |
|
FIGURE 4-1: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use by Activity Type,* 2005
| Activity type |
Energy use (petajoules) |
Percentage |
| Offices** |
399.5 |
35 |
| Retail trade |
192.1 |
17 |
| Educational services |
158.9 |
14 |
| Health care and social assistance |
105.3 |
9 |
| Accommodation and food services |
86.3 |
8 |
| Wholesale trade |
64.1 |
6 |
| Transportation and warehousing |
54.0 |
5 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation |
36.3 |
3 |
| Information and cultural industries |
27.6 |
2 |
| Other services |
21.1 |
2 |
| Total |
1 145.2 |
100 |
|
* Excludes street lighting
** "Offices" includes activities related to finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific and technical services; and public administration.
FIGURE 4-2: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use by Purpose,* 2005
| End use |
Energy use (petajoules) |
Percentage |
| Space heating |
585.34 |
51 |
| Auxiliary equipment |
165.60 |
14 |
| Lighting |
107.96 |
9 |
| Space cooling |
99.61 |
9 |
| Water heating |
98.58 |
9 |
| Auxiliary motors |
88.06 |
8 |
| Total |
1145.15 |
100 |
|
* Excludes street lighting
FIGURE 4-3: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.05 |
1.03 |
| 1992 |
1.08 |
1.04 |
| 1993 |
1.13 |
1.08 |
| 1994 |
1.14 |
1.07 |
| 1995 |
1.16 |
1.11 |
| 1996 |
1.20 |
1.13 |
| 1997 |
1.20 |
1.15 |
| 1998 |
1.17 |
1.09 |
| 1999 |
1.22 |
1.13 |
| 2000 |
1.26 |
1.24 |
| 2001 |
1.26 |
1.22 |
| 2002 |
1.34 |
1.31 |
| 2003 |
1.36 |
1.35 |
| 2004 |
1.36 |
1.35 |
| 2005 |
1.42 |
1.33 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 4-4: Estimated Average Energy Savings by Type of Building Under the Commercial Building Incentive Program, 2006
| Building type |
Average energy savings (GJ/year) |
| Health care |
5640 |
| Retail |
4215 |
| Education |
3700 |
| Retail food sector |
3559 |
| Industrial |
3302 |
| Other |
3301 |
| Multi-unit residential building |
3199 |
| Office |
2175 |
|
FIGURE 5-1: Industrial Energy Use by Subsector – Including Electricity Related Emissions,* 2005
| Subsector |
Percent of
industrial energy use |
| Pulp and paper |
25.7 |
| Mining |
20.2 |
| Other manufacturing |
16.8 |
| Petroleum refining |
11.2 |
| Smelting and refining |
8.2 |
| Iron and steel |
7.4 |
| Chemicals |
5.8 |
| Cement |
2.1 |
| Construction |
1.9 |
| Forestry |
0.7 |
| Total |
100.0 |
|
* Note: The above subsectors reflect the current definitions in the Report on Energy Supply-Demand in Canada. "Other manufacturing" comprises more than 20 manufacturing industries.
FIGURE 5-2: Cost of Energy to Manufacturing Industries as a Percentage of Total Production Cost, 2005
| Industry |
Energy cost/total production cost (%) |
| Cement |
37.07 |
| Aluminum |
16.78 |
| Pulp and paper |
15.04 |
| Iron and steel |
12.99 |
| Chemicals |
12.79 |
| Petroleum refining |
2.47 |
| Transportation equipment and manufacturing |
0.86 |
|
FIGURE 5-3: Industrial Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1995 |
1.14 |
1.08 |
| 1996 |
1.14 |
1.11 |
| 1997 |
1.18 |
1.10 |
| 1998 |
1.19 |
1.08 |
| 1999 |
1.24 |
1.11 |
| 2000 |
1.28 |
1.15 |
| 2001 |
1.24 |
1.10 |
| 2002 |
1.28 |
1.16 |
| 2003 |
1.29 |
1.20 |
| 2004 |
1.31 |
1.20 |
| 2005 |
1.31 |
1.18 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 5-4: CIPEC Energy Intensity Index,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Energy intensity index |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.05 |
| 1992 |
1.08 |
| 1993 |
1.06 |
| 1994 |
1.06 |
| 1995 |
1.04 |
| 1996 |
1.03 |
| 1997 |
0.98 |
| 1998 |
0.96 |
| 1999 |
0.95 |
| 2000 |
0.91 |
| 2001 |
0.91 |
| 2002 |
0.92 |
| 2003 |
0.94 |
| 2004 |
0.91 |
| 2005 |
0.90 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 5-5: Estimated CIPEC Energy Savings, 2001 to 2006
| Energy savings |
Program total (petajoules) |
| 2001 |
1.99 |
| 2002 |
5.10 |
| 2003 |
9.56 |
| 2004 |
14.13 |
| 2005 |
20.16 |
| 2006 |
25.25 |
|
FIGURE 5-6: Industrial Dollars to $ense Participants, 1997 to 2006
| |
Number of industrial
workshop participants |
| 1997 |
98 |
| 1998 |
132 |
| 1999 |
167 |
| 2000 |
260 |
| 2001 |
410 |
| 2002 |
421 |
| 2003 |
490 |
| 2004 |
1001 |
| 2005 |
1051 |
| 2006 |
1303 |
|
FIGURE 6-1: Transportation Energy Use by Mode, 2005
| Mode of transportation |
Energy use (petajoules) |
Percentage |
| Passenger light vehicle |
1070.4 |
42.8 |
| Freight truck |
833.0 |
33.3 |
| Passenger aviation |
251.5 |
10.1 |
| Freight marine |
111.2 |
4.4 |
| Off-road |
97.4 |
3.9 |
| Freight rail |
76.4 |
3.1 |
| Passenger bus |
51.8 |
2.1 |
| Freight aviation |
7.9 |
0.3 |
| Passenger rail |
2.5 |
0.1 |
| Total |
2501.8 |
100.0 |
|
FIGURE 6-2: Transportation Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements,* 1990 to 2005
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
0.98 |
0.96 |
| 1992 |
1.01 |
0.99 |
| 1993 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
| 1994 |
1.12 |
1.05 |
| 1995 |
1.15 |
1.07 |
| 1996 |
1.18 |
1.09 |
| 1997 |
1.23 |
1.13 |
| 1998 |
1.27 |
1.17 |
| 1999 |
1.32 |
1.20 |
| 2000 |
1.34 |
1.22 |
| 2001 |
1.36 |
1.21 |
| 2002 |
1.38 |
1.23 |
| 2003 |
1.41 |
1.26 |
| 2004 |
1.48 |
1.31 |
| 2005 |
1.52 |
1.33 |
|
* Index: 1990=1.00
FIGURE 6-3: Market Shares of New Passenger Car and Light Truck Sales, 1990 to 2005
| |
Passenger car (%) |
Passenger light truck (%) |
| 1990 |
74.7 |
25.3 |
| 1991 |
75.2 |
24.8 |
| 1992 |
72.7 |
27.3 |
| 1993 |
69.7 |
30.3 |
| 1994 |
67.2 |
32.8 |
| 1995 |
65.1 |
34.9 |
| 1996 |
62.8 |
37.2 |
| 1997 |
59.7 |
40.3 |
| 1998 |
59.1 |
40.9 |
| 1999 |
60.9 |
39.1 |
| 2000 |
63.0 |
37.0 |
| 2001 |
63.4 |
36.6 |
| 2002 |
62.7 |
37.3 |
| 2003 |
62.1 |
37.9 |
| 2004 |
61.58 |
38.42 |
| 2005 |
61.59 |
38.41 |
|
FIGURE 6-4: Average Activity per Truck (tonne kilometres/truck), 1990 to 2005
| |
Medium- and heavy-duty
truck vehicle activity |
| 1990 |
105 742 |
| 1991 |
98 658 |
| 1992 |
103 459 |
| 1993 |
117 687 |
| 1994 |
133 653 |
| 1995 |
142 910 |
| 1996 |
141 219 |
| 1997 |
163 975 |
| 1998 |
162 926 |
| 1999 |
175 266 |
| 2000 |
178 269 |
| 2001 |
198 998 |
| 2002 |
197 396 |
| 2003 |
202 326 |
| 2004 |
219 262 |
| 2005 |
236 677 |
|
FIGURE 6-5: Trucking Energy Intensity, (megajoules/tonne kilometres), 1990 to 2005
| |
Medium- and heavy-duty
truck vehicle activity |
| 1990 |
3.71 |
| 1991 |
3.81 |
| 1992 |
3.79 |
| 1993 |
3.62 |
| 1994 |
3.44 |
| 1995 |
3.46 |
| 1996 |
3.41 |
| 1997 |
3.33 |
| 1998 |
3.16 |
| 1999 |
2.99 |
| 2000 |
3.02 |
| 2001 |
2.83 |
| 2002 |
2.80 |
| 2003 |
2.92 |
| 2004 |
2.86 |
| 2005 |
2.72 |
|
FIGURE 6-6: Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Labelling
| |
Percentage of new vehicles with fuel efficiency label affixed |
| |
On lot |
In showroom |
| 1999 |
64 |
47 |
| 2001 |
77 |
56 |
| 2005 |
78 |
61 |
|
FIGURE 6-7: Company Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) versus Canadian Voluntary Standards, 1990 to 2006*
| Model year |
Truck standard (11.4 L/100 km) |
Trucks CAFC (L/100 km) |
Car standard (8.6 L/100 km) |
Cars CAFC (L/100 km) |
| 1990 |
11.8 |
11.4 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
| 1991 |
11.6 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
8.0 |
| 1992 |
11.6 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
8.1 |
| 1993 |
11.5 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
8.1 |
| 1994 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
| 1995 |
11.4 |
11.5 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 1996 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 1997 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
8.0 |
| 1998 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 1999 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 2000 |
11.4 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
7.8 |
| 2001 |
11.4 |
11.0 |
8.6 |
7.8 |
| 2002 |
11.4 |
11.0 |
8.6 |
7.7 |
| 2003 |
11.4 |
10.7 |
8.6 |
7.6 |
| 2004 |
11.4 |
10.7 |
8.6 |
7.5 |
| 2005 |
11.4 |
10.3 |
8.6 |
7.5 |
| 2006 |
11.4 |
10.6 |
8.6 |
7.1 |
|
* 2002-2006 data are estimates.
FIGURE 6-8: Drivers Trained, 1998 to 2005*
| |
Drivers trained |
| 1998 |
51 000 |
| 1999 |
53 000 |
| 2000 |
112 846 |
| 2001 |
125 000 |
| 2002 |
149 000 |
| 2003 |
160 000 |
| 2004 |
200 000 |
| 2005 |
210 158 |
|
* 2002-2006 data are estimates.
FIGURE 7-1: Canadian Wind Power Capacity, 1993 to 2006
| Year |
Wind power capacity (MW) |
| 1993 |
1 |
| 1994 |
22 |
| 1995 |
23 |
| 1996 |
23 |
| 1997 |
24 |
| 1998 |
27 |
| 1999 |
127 |
| 2000 |
139 |
| 2001 |
215 |
| 2002 |
233 |
| 2003 |
326 |
| 2004 |
445 |
| 2005 |
686 |
| 2006 |
1459 |
|
FIGURE 8-1: GHG Emissions Reductions From Federal Operations, 1990 to 2010
| Fiscal year |
GHG emissions (kt of CO2e) |
| 1990 |
3895 |
| 1998 |
3140 |
| 2000 |
3012 |
| 2001 |
2895 |
| 2002 |
2957 |
| 2003 |
2929 |
| 2004 |
2865 |
| 2010 Target |
2703 |
|
FIGURE 8-2: Federal Fleet Size and Fuel Consumption, 1997 to 2005
| |
Vehicles |
Litres of gasoline
equivalent (thousands) |
| 1997 |
22 873 |
64 200 |
| 1998 |
22 505 |
63 100 |
| 1999 |
22 558 |
63 100 |
| 2000 |
22 611 |
61 900 |
| 2001 |
24 463 |
66 900 |
| 2002 |
26 233 |
68 619 |
| 2003 |
24 981 |
62 500 |
| 2004 |
25 652 |
64 900 |
| 2005 |
25 968 |
63 800 |
|
FIGURE 8-3: Purchases of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (Including Hybrids) for the Federal Fleet, 1997 to 2005
| |
Vehicles purchased |
| 1997 |
131 |
| 1998 |
161 |
| 1999 |
181 |
| 2000 |
83 |
| 2001 |
170 |
| 2002 |
521 |
| 2003 |
365 |
| 2004 |
529 |
| 2005 |
591 |
|
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