Improving Energy Performance in Canada – Report to Parliament Under the Energy Efficiency Act For the Fiscal Year 2007-2008

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Appendix 2: Data Presented in the Report

The aggregate energy use data presented in this report are taken from Statistics Canada’s Report on Energy Supply–demand in Canada (RESD). Differences exist between this report and Canada’s Emissions Outlook: An Update (CEO Update) concerning the sector allocations of RESD energy-use data. The CEO Update’s sector allocation is based on Environment Canada’s Trends in Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990–1997. This report, however, uses a definition better suited for the purpose of energy end-use analysis. Some modifications to the original Statis-tics Canada data were required and are documented in Appendix A of Natural Resources Canada’s Energy Use Data Handbook, 1990 to 2005.

FIGURE 1-1: Secondary Energy Use by Sector, 2005

Sector	Industrial	Transportation	Residential	Commercial/ Institutional	Agriculture	Total
Energy use (PJ)	3209	2502	1402	1153	209	8475
Percentage	0.379	0.295	0.165	0.136	0.025	1.000

FIGURE 1-2: GHG Emissions From Secondary Energy Use by Sector, 2005

Sector	Transportation	Industrial	Residential	Commercial/ Institutional	Agriculture	Total
GHG emissions (Mt)	177.5	164	73.8	65.3	14.4	495
Percentage	0.36	0.33	0.15	0.13	0.03	1.00

FIGURE 1-3: Energy Intensity and the Energy Efficiency Effect, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Energy intensity index	Index of energy efficiency effect
1990	1.00	1.00
1991	1.00	0.98
1992	1.00	0.97
1993	1.00	0.96
1994	0.99	0.96
1995	0.98	0.92
1996	1.00	0.93
1997	0.97	0.91
1998	0.91	0.89
1999	0.89	0.87
2000	0.87	0.87
2001	0.84	0.86
2002	0.85	0.87
2003	0.85	0.88
2004	0.84	0.86
2005	0.81	0.84

FIGURE 1-4: Secondary Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Estimated secondary energy use without energy efficiency improvements	Actual energy use
1990	1.00	1.00
1991	1.00	0.98
1992	1.03	1.00
1993	1.05	1.01
1994	1.09	1.05
1995	1.15	1.07
1996	1.17	1.11
1997	1.20	1.11
1998	1.20	1.09
1999	1.25	1.12
2000	1.29	1.17
2001	1.27	1.14
2002	1.31	1.18
2003	1.33	1.22
2004	1.36	1.23
2005	1.38	1.22

FIGURE 1-5: Canadian Households by Type of Dwelling, 2005

Dwelling type	Number of households	Percentage
Single detached homes	7 083 709	56
Single attached homes	1 320 470	10
Apartments	3 936 757	31
Mobile homes	245 834	2
Total	12 586 770	100

FIGURE 1-6: Residential Energy Use by End-Use, 2005

Activity	Energy use (PJ)	Percentage
Space heating	846.1	60
Water heating	248.2	18
Appliances	203.0	14
Lighting	68.4	5
Space cooling	36.5	3
Total	1402.2	100

FIGURE 1-7: Number of Households, Average Floor Space by Household and Energy Intensity Indexes, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Number of households	Average floor space by household	Energy intensity (GJ/household)
1990	1.00	1.00	1.00
1991	1.03	0.99	0.96
1992	1.05	1.01	0.97
1993	1.07	1.02	0.98
1994	1.08	1.02	0.98
1995	1.10	1.02	0.95
1996	1.12	1.03	1.01
1997	1.13	1.03	0.96
1998	1.15	1.03	0.86
1999	1.17	1.03	0.88
2000	1.19	1.03	0.91
2001	1.20	1.03	0.86
2002	1.22	1.03	0.89
2003	1.23	1.03	0.91
2004	1.25	1.03	0.88
2005	1.27	1.03	0.86

FIGURE 1-8: Residential Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Estimated secondary energy use without energy efficiency improvements	Actual energy use
1990	1.00	1.00
1991	1.04	0.98
1992	1.10	1.01
1993	1.14	1.04
1994	1.14	1.07
1995	1.17	1.05
1996	1.22	1.12
1997	1.21	1.08
1998	1.14	0.99
1999	1.18	1.03
2000	1.25	1.08
2001	1.22	1.04
2002	1.28	1.08
2003	1.32	1.12
2004	1.32	1.10
2005	1.34	1.09

FIGURE 1-9: Annual Heating Consumption for Houses* Constructed to Different Standards

House type	Annual heating consumption (GJ)
R-2000 house	78.75
Model National Energy Code house (2002)	112.10
Typical new house (2002)	146.27
Typical existing house (1970)	216.81

* 198-m² one-storey, single detached house heated with natural gas, Ottawa, Ontario

FIGURE 1-10: Average Energy Consumption of New Electric Appliances,
1990 and 2005 Models

Appliance	1990 (KWh/yr)	2005 (KWh/yr)
Freezers	714	386
Electric ranges	772	573
Refrigerators	956	469
Dishwashers	841	324
Clothes dryers	1103	904
Clothes washers	1218	444

FIGURE 1-11: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use by Activity Type*, 2005

Activity type	Energy use (PJ)	Percentage
Offices**	399.5	35
Retail trade	192.1	17
Educational services	158.9	14
Health care and social assistance	105.3	9
Accommodation and food services	86.3	7
Wholesale trade	64.1	6
Transportation and warehousing	54.0	5
Arts, entertainment and recreation	36.3	3
Information and cultural industries	27.6	2
Other services	21.1	2
Total	1145.2	100

* Excludes street lighting
** “Offices” includes activities related to finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific and technical services; and public administration.

FIGURE 1-12: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use by Purpose, 2005

End use	Energy use (PJ)	Percentage
Space heating	585.3	51
Auxiliary equipment	165.6	14
Lighting	108.0	9
Space cooling	99.6	9
Water heating	98.6	9
Auxiliary motors	88.1	8
Street lighting	7.9	1
Total	1153.0	100

FIGURE 1-13: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Estimated secondary energy use without energy efficiency improvements	Actual energy use
1990	1.00	1.00
1991	1.05	1.03
1992	1.08	1.04
1993	1.13	1.08
1994	1.14	1.07
1995	1.16	1.11
1996	1.20	1.13
1997	1.20	1.15
1998	1.17	1.09
1999	1.22	1.13
2000	1.26	1.24
2001	1.26	1.22
2002	1.34	1.31
2003	1.36	1.35
2004	1.36	1.35
2005	1.42	1.33

FIGURE 1-14: Industrial Energy Use by Subsector –
Including Electricity-Related Emissions*, 2005

Subsector	Industrial Energy Use (%)	Energy use (PJ)
Pulp and paper	26	823.7
Mining	20	647.8
Other manufacturing**	17	539.6
Petroleum refining	11	360.6
Smelting and refining	8	264.7
Iron and steel	7	236.9
Chemicals	6	186.6
Other industries***	3	80.6
Cement	2	69.0
Total	100	3209.4

* The above subsectors reflect the current definitions in the Report on Energy Supply-demand in Canada.
** “Other manufacturing” comprises more than 20 manufacturing industries.
*** “Other industries” includes construction and forestry.

FIGURE 1-15: Cost of Energy to Manufacturing Industries
as a Percentage of Total Production Cost, 2005

Industry	Energy cost (%) of total production cost
Transportation equipment and manufacturing	0.86
Petroleum refining	2.47
Chemicals	12.79
Iron and steel	12.99
Pulp and paper	15.04
Aluminum	16.78
Cement	37.07

FIGURE 1-16: Industrial Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Estimated secondary energy use without energy efficiency improvements	Actual energy use
1990	1.00	1.00
1995	1.14	1.08
1996	1.14	1.11
1997	1.18	1.10
1998	1.19	1.08
1999	1.24	1.11
2000	1.28	1.15
2001	1.24	1.10
2002	1.28	1.16
2003	1.29	1.20
2004	1.31	1.20
2005	1.31	1.18

FIGURE 1-17: Transportation Energy Use by Mode, 2005

	Energy use (PJ)	Percentage
Passenger light vehicle	1070.4
Passenger aviation	251.5
Passenger bus	51.8
Passenger rail	2.5
Passenger total	1376.1	55.0
Freight aviation	7.9
Freight truck	833.0
Freight marine	111.2
Freight rail	76.4
Freight total	1028.3	41.1
Off-road total	97.4	3.9
Total transportation energy use	250.8	100.0

FIGURE 1-18: Market Shares of New Passenger Car and
Light Truck Sales, 1990 to 2005

	Passenger car	Passenger light truck
1990	74.7	25.3
1991	75.2	24.8
1992	72.7	27.3
1993	69.7	30.3
1994	67.2	32.8
1995	65.1	34.9
1996	62.8	37.2
1997	59.7	40.3
1998	59.1	40.9
1999	60.9	39.1
2000	63.0	37.0
2001	63.4	36.6
2002	62.7	37.3
2003	62.1	37.9
2004	61.58	38.42
2005	61.59	38.41

FIGURE 1-19: Transportation Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Estimated secondary energy use without energy efficiency improvements	Actual energy use
1990	1.00	1.00
1991	0.98	0.96
1992	1.01	0.99
1993	1.05	1.00
1994	1.12	1.05
1995	1.15	1.07
1996	1.18	1.09
1997	1.23	1.13
1998	1.27	1.17
1999	1.32	1.20
2000	1.34	1.22
2001	1.36	1.21
2002	1.38	1.23
2003	1.41	1.26
2004	1.48	1.31
2005	1.52	1.33

FIGURE 1-20: Average Activity per Truck,
1990 to 2005 (tonne kilometres/truck)

	Medium-and heavy-duty truck vehicle activity
1990	105 742
1991	98 658
1992	103 459
1993	117 687
1994	133 653
1995	142 910
1996	141 219
1997	163 975
1998	162 926
1999	175 266
2000	178 269
2001	198 998
2002	197 396
2003	202 326
2004	219 262
2005	236 677

FIGURE 1-21: Trucking Energy Intensity,
1990 to 2005 (megajoules/tonne kilometres)

	Medium-and heavy-duty truck energy intensity
1990	3.71
1991	3.81
1992	3.79
1993	3.62
1994	3.44
1995	3.46
1996	3.41
1997	3.33
1998	3.16
1999	2.99
2000	3.02
2001	2.83
2002	2.80
2003	2.92
2004	2.86
2005	2.72

FIGURE 1-22: Shares of On-Road Transportation Fuel, 2005

Fuel type	Energy use (PJ)	Percentage
Electricity	3.5	0.18
Natural gas	1.9	0.10
Motor gasoline	1280.1	65.18
Diesel	659.2	33.56
Liquefied petroleum gas	10.3	0.52
Renewable fuels	9.1	0.46
Total	1964.1	100.00

FIGURE 2-1: Volume of Monthly Import Documents

Month	Paper	Electronic
Apr. 07	2 677	54 217
May 07	2 639	62 432
Jun. 07	2 480	66 194
Jul. 07	1 959	62 462
Aug. 07	2 436	68 386
Sep. 07	1 570	68 537
Oct. 07	864	85 151
Nov. 07	253	86 365
Dec. 07	100	83 720
Jan. 08	175	95 602
Feb. 08	152	93 899
Mar. 08	36	100 135
Total	15 341	927 100

FIGURE 2-4: ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances as a Percentage of Total Category Sales in Canada, 1999 to 2005

Appliance	Model Year
	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Dishwashers	0.56	1.57	9.66	29.77	56.5	80.95	90.8
Refrigerators	..	..	11.4	22.26	40.68	34.16	37.6
Washers	1.93	2.24	9.24	22.07	30.55	36.16	45.9

FIGURE 2-5: ENERGY STAR Awareness Levels in Canada, 2005

	Percentage
Aware – non-aided	36
Aware – aided	80

FIGURE 3-1: Residential Energy Use and Energy Savings per Household, Pre-1945 to 2000–2007

	Pre-1945	1945–1959	1960–1969	1970–1979	1980–1989	1990–1999	2000–2007*	Average
Energy use pre-renovation (GJ)	272	205	189	177	179	168	157	195
Actual energy savings after renovations (GJ)	89	55	44	41	38	32	39	48

* Data for 2007 are from ecoENERGY Retrofit – Homes (previous data source was EnerGuide for Houses).

FIGURE 3-2: Number of Eligible R-2000 Housing Starts, 1990 to 2007

Year	Number of R-2000 houses
1990	495
1991	699
1992	1196
1993	1299
1994	784
1995	610
1996	416
1997	484
1998	265
1999	213
2000	319
2001	329
2002	428
2003	379
2004	583
2005	500
2006	439
2007	483

FIGURE 3-3: CIPEC Energy Intensity Index, 1990 to 2005

Index: 1990 = 1.00	Energy intensity index
1990	1.00
1991	1.05
1992	1.08
1993	1.06
1994	1.06
1995	1.04
1996	1.03
1997	0.98
1998	0.96
1999	0.95
2000	0.91
2001	0.91
2002	0.92
2003	0.94
2004	0.91
2005	0.90

FIGURE 3-4: Industrial Dollars to $ense Participants, pre-2000 to 2007

Fiscal year	Pre-2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Number of industrial workshop participants	748	408	353	481	880	1027	1290	1230

FIGURE 3-5: New Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Labelling

Year	On lot	In showroom
1999	64	47
2001	77	56
2005	78	61
2007	78	56

FIGURE 3-6: Company Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) Versus Canadian Voluntary Standards, 1990 to 2006*

Model year	Truck standard (11.4 L/100 km)	Trucks CAFC	Car standard (8.6 L/100 km)	Cars CAFC
1990	11.8	11.4	8.6	8.2
1991	11.6	11.1	8.6	8.0
1992	11.6	11.3	8.6	8.1
1993	11.5	11.1	8.6	8.1
1994	11.5	11.5	8.6	8.2
1995	11.4	11.5	8.6	7.9
1996	11.4	11.3	8.6	7.9
1997	11.4	11.3	8.6	8.0
1998	11.4	11.3	8.6	7.9
1999	11.4	11.3	8.6	7.9
2000	11.4	11.1	8.6	7.4
2001	11.4	11.0	8.6	7.8
2002	11.4	11.0	8.6	7.7
2003	11.4	10.7	8.6	7.6
2004	11.4	10.6	8.6	7.5
2005	11.4	10.6	8.6	7.4
2006	11.4	10.2	8.6	7.0

*2002–2006 data are estimates.

FIGURE 5-1: Canadian Wind Power Capacity, 1993 to 2006

	Wind power capacity (MW)
1993	1
1994	22
1995	23
1996	233
1997	24
1998	27
1999	127
2000	139
2001	215
2002	233
2003	326
2004	445
2005	686
2006	1459

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