Industrial Consumption of Energy (ICE) Survey – Summary Report of Energy Use in the Canadian Manufacturing Sector, 1995-2005 – March 2008

Figure 4.7.2 illustrates the cement manufacturing process. To make cement, first, the limestone is crushed. Other raw materials such as silica, alumina and iron, which may also be crushed beforehand depending on the size of the particles of the material, are combined with the crushed limestone to compose a raw mix which is then carefully proportioned. Next, the raw mix is processed at high temperatures in a rotating furnace or kiln, to produce an intermediate product called clinker. Cement is produced by grinding clinker to a fine powder and mixing it with gypsum and other additives.

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