Sector Reports

Aluminum

Profile

In 2003, Canada's aluminum sector ranked third in the world in annual primary aluminum production. The combined output of the industry's 10 aluminum plants in the province of Quebec and one in British Columbia is a major contributor to Canada's national and local economies.

Achievements

Primary aluminum production increased by 78 percent between 1990 and 2003, while energy consumption over this period increased by 61 percent. The increase in energy consumption to 176 385 TJ in 2003 was largely due to a 62.5 percent increase in electricity use. Energy intensity improved by 10 percent from 1990 to 2003, but increased slightly (1 percent) between 2002 and 2003.

Aluminum Sector – NAICS 331313

Energy Intensity Index (1990– 2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990– 2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Aluminum Sector – NAICS 331313

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990– 2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry
1990– 2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Aluminum Sector – NAICS 331313

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry
1990– 2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: LFO (Middle Distillates), HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil)
and LPG (Propane).

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Brewery

Profile

The Canadian brewing industry prides itself on its world-class beers, its leadership in educating consumers to drink responsibly, its three-century history in Canada, its diversity and its impressive environmental record.

Achievements

Compared with 1990, the industry now uses 31 percent less energy to produce a hectolitre of beer. In 2003, the industry consumed 5568 TJ of energy, 59 percent of which was natural gas and 26 percent electricity. The brewing industry is committed to an energy reduction target of 1.5 percent annually from 2004 through 2006.

Brewery Sector – NAICS 312120

Energy Intensity Index (1990– 2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Brewery Sector – NAICS 312120

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990– 2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry
1990– 2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Brewery Sector – NAICS 312120

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LPG (Propane) and Steam. and LPG (Propane).

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Cement

Profile

The cement industry is the cornerstone of Canada’s domestic construction industries and a significant exporter that contributes substantially to the country’s balance of payments.

Achievements

The cement industry produced 13.2 million tonnes of clinker in 2003. This represents a 25.4 percent increase in production since 1990. Over the same period, energy consumption increased by only 10.2 percent to 65 006 TJ. Energy intensity, however, decreased by 12 percent from 5.61 to 4.93 GJ/tonne clinker. Since 1998, the energy used by the industry to produce a tonne of clinker has been fairly level, with slight increases in some years and very minor decreases in others.

Cement Sector – NAICS 327310

Energy Intensity Index (1990– 2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Cement Sector – NAICS 327310

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990– 2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry
1990– 2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Cement Sector – NAICS 327310

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: LPG (Propane), Coal Coke, and Wood Waste.
*** Note: 2003 data are preliminary. Electricity data reported by ICE/CIEEDAC seem high given the marginal increase in production. The production of a tonne of cement requires an amount of electricity that generally does not vary much and cannot be substituted with another source of energy.These data will be subject to further validation.

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Chemical

Profile

The chemical sector encompasses a diverse industry that produces organic and inorganic chemicals, plastics and synthetic resins. The Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association (CCPA) is the trade association that represents manufacturers in this sector. Its member companies produce more than 90 percent of industrial chemicals manufactured in Canada.

Achievements

The chemical sector’s product output has increased nearly 26 percent since 1992. At the same time, total CO₂ emissions from CCPA members from 1992 to 2003 have increased by 0.7 percent and, in terms of global warming potential, member companies’ (GHG) emissions – millions of tonnes of CO₂e emissions – in 2003 have declined by 41 percent compared to 1992 amounts.

Chemical Sector – NAICS 3251,3252

Carbon Dioxide Emissions versus Product Output

Data source:
Data provided by CCPA member operations.

Chemical Sector – NAICS 3251,3252

Global Warming Potential versus Product Output

Data source:
Data provided by CCPA member operations.

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Construction

Profile

The construction sector is arguably Canada’s largest industry, comprising a diverse array of companies whose work touches every economic sector and region of the country.

Achievements

The construction industry’s energy consumption is directly related to levels of construction activity. The industry recorded an increase in gross output in 2003 of 4 percent compared to 2002. Since 1990, this sector has reduced energy consumption; however in 2003, energy consumption was 56 718 TJ, a nine-year high. Energy intensity has improved 27 percent between 1990 and 2003, but improvements since 2000 have been less than 1 percent.

Construction Sector – NAICS 230000*

Energy Intensity Index (excluding electricity) (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Statistics Canada, Quarterly Report on Energy Supply-Demand in Canada, 1990–2003. November 2004. Informetrica Limited, Construction Industry Tables: 1981–2025, November 2004. Prepared for the Canadian Construction Association.

Construction Sector – NAICS 230000*

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (excluding electricity) (1990–2003)

Data source:
Statistics Canada, Quarterly Report on Energy Supply–Demand in Canada, 1990–2003. November 2004. Informetrica Limited, Construction Industry Tables: 1981–2025, November 2004. Prepared for the Canadian Construction Association.

Construction Sector – NAICS 230000*

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (excluding electricity) (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Statistics Canada, Quarterly Report on Energy Supply–Demand in Canada, 1990–2003. November 2004. Informetrica Limited, Construction Industry Tables: 1981–2025, November 2004. Prepared for the Canadian Construction Association.

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Dairy

Profile

Canada’s dairy product manufacturing sector spans Canada from coast to coast, operating facilities and employing people across the country.

Achievements

In 2003, Canada’s dairies produced 70.1 million hectolitres of milk and cream, about 4.5 percent less than in 1990. Between 1990 and 2003, energy intensity in the dairy sector has increased by 11 percent. In 2003, compared to 2002, however, there has been over 5 percent less energy used to produce a hectolitre of milk and cream, while production actually increased 3.5 percent.

Dairy Sector – NAICS 311500

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Dairy Sector – NAICS 311500

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Dairy Sector – NAICS 311500

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (excluding electricity) (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

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Electrical and Electronics

Profile

The electrical and electronics sector includes a diverse array of companies that produce electrical appliances, lighting, consumer electronics, communications and electronic equipment, cabling, office equipment, industrial equipment and other electrical products. The industry is a major exporter and a vital, growing contributor to the national economy.

Achievements

In nearly equal proportions, natural gas, electricity and a combination of heavy fuel oil, middle distillates and propane satisfy virtually all of the electrical and electronics industry’s energy requirements. In 2003, the industry consumed 11 542 TJ of energy, nearly the same as in the previous two years. Between 1990 and the end of 2003, the sector’s overall energy consumption decreased despite substantial growth in production. These factors have combined to decrease energy intensity by nearly 51 percent over this period. Since 2000, however, energy intensity has risen about 12.5 percent while production has dropped materially.

Electrical and Electronics Sector – NAICS 334335

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Electrical and Electronics Sector – NAICS 334335

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Electrical and Electronics Sector – NAICS 334335

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (excluding electricity) (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LFO (Middle Distillates)and LPG (Propane).

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Electricity Generation

Profile

The electricity generation sector produces the electrical energy that powers industries, businesses and homes across Canada.

Achievements

Using water, fossil fuel, nuclear energy and alternative energy sources, the sector produced 521 TWh in 2003. This represents a 22 percent increase in generation since 1990. Over the same time frame, energy intensity in this sector increased 9.7 percent. This reflects a 31 percent increase in the contribution to net generation from fossil fuel sources since 1997, and material decreases in hydroelectric and nuclear generation over the same period.

The gross annual CO₂ emissions and CO₂ emissions intensity (CO₂/Net System Generation) have also risen since 1997, by 26.3 percent and 30 percent respectively. However, the CO₂ emissions intensity for fossil fuel generation production has improved.

Electricity Generation Sector – NAICS 22111

Utility Production and Energy Intensity (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End–Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). A Review of Energy Consumption and Production Data: Canadian Electricity Generation Industry 1990–2003. January 2005.

Electricity Generation Sector – NAICS 22111

Utility Production versus Utility Carbon Dioxide Emissions (1997–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Electricity Association – Environmental Commitment and Responsibility (ECR) Program 1997–2003. 2003 ECR Annual Report.

Electricity Generation Sector – NAICS 22111

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Electricity Association – Environmental Commitment and Responsibility (ECR) Program 1997–2003. 2003 ECR Annual Report.

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Fertilizer

Profile

Canada’s fertilizer industry is one of the world’s major producers and exporters of nitrogen, potash and sulphur fertilizers.

Achievements

The Canadian fertilizer sector ranks among the lowest (GHG) emitters per unit of fertilizer output in the world. According to the Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre’s (CIEEDAC’s) and the Canadian Fertilizer Institute’s (CFI’s) production statistics, nitrogen fertilizer production (gross) increased from 6.8 million tonnes in 1990 to 9.7 million tonnes in 2003. Natural gas consumed as fuel – and other fuel sources used for this production – totalled 57 885 TJ in 2003, versus 47 186 TJ in 1990. This represents an improvement in fuel energy efficiency of approximately 14 percent over the 13-year period.

Since 1990, potash production has increased 31 percent, totalling 9.1 million tonnes in 2003. Overall, energy indicators show an improvement in energy intensity averaging more than 1 percent per year since 1990.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer – NAICS 325313

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Fertilizer Institute (CFI), January 2005.

Potash – NAICS 212396

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer – NAICS 325313

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (excluding electricity) (TJ/yr)

Data source:
(1) Natural Gas – 1990–2003, CFI, February 2004.
(2) Other Fuels 1990–2003. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil) and Steam.

Potash – NAICS 212396

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

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Food and Beverage

Profile

Canada’s food and beverage sector includes manufacturers that produce a diverse range of products, including meat, poultry, fish, fruit and vegetables, flour and bakery products, oils and sugars, coffee, snack foods, soft drinks and confections.

Achievements

Canada’s food processing industry continued to increase its gross output in 2003, and its energy use actually increased slightly in 2003 compared with the previous year. The sector’s total energy consumption rose to 108 520 TJ in 2003 compared with 107 295 TJ in 2002 – an increase of 1.1 percent. Over the past 13 years, the sector’s total energy consumption increased by 14.2 percent, from 95 001 TJ in 1990, due largely to a significant increase in electricity consumption. The food industry has made longterm progress toward better energy efficiency. From 1990 to 2003, food processors improved their collective energy intensity by 10.4 percent.

Food and Beverage Sector – NAICS 311000, 312100*

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Food and Beverage Sector – NAICS 311000, 312100*

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Food and Beverage Sector – NAICS 311000, 312100*

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
**Confidential data include: HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LFO (Middle Distillates), LPG (Propane), Steam and Wood.

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Foundry

Profile

Metal castings are the first step in the value-added manufacturing chain and are utilized in the manufacture of most durable goods.Markets and industries served by foundries include the automotive sector, construction, agriculture, forestry, mining, pulp and paper, heavy industrial machinery and equipment, aircraft and aerospace,plumbing, soil pipe,municipal road castings, defence, railway, petroleum and petrochemical, electricity distribution and a myriad of specialty markets.

Achievements

Canada’s foundries no longer use (GHG) generating fuels such as coal, oil or coke in their operations, and they have eliminated the use of steam produced by coal-generated electricity. Escalating oil, natural gas and power costs as well as a rising Canadian dollar are motivating companies to undertake energy efficiency activities such as installing more efficient equipment, adopting better production methods, fuel switching and establishing waste-energy capture programs.

Since 2001, the foundries have reduced energy intensity by nearly 12 percent while production has increased by 15.4 percent.

Foundry Sector – NAICS 331500

Energy Intensity Index (2001–2003)
Base Year 2001 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Foundry Sector – NAICS 331500

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (2001–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Foundry Sector – NAICS 331500

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LFO (Middle Distillates), LPG (Propane), and Coal Coke.

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General Manufacturing

Profile

The general manufacturing sector comprises a variety of industries, including leather, clothing, furniture, printing activities, construction materials, floor coverings, insulation, glass and glass products, adhesives, plastics and pharmaceuticals. The sector encompasses approximately 2000 small, medium and large companies that, combined, consumed 210 039 TJ of energy in 2003.

Achievements

The sector’s production has grown 52.9 percent between 1990 and 2003. At the same time, energy intensity has fallen by 31.4 percent over this period. The lowest energy intensity, 3.0 TJ/ million 1997 dollars, was achieved in 2000 and since that time energy intensity appears to be rising marginally again.

General Manufacturing Sector*

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

General Manufacturing Sector*

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

General Manufacturing Sector*

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
* NAICS Category Name ** Confidential data include: Coke, Petroleum, HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LPG (Propane), LFO (Middle Distillates), Steam, Wood Waste and Pulping Liquor.

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Lime

Profile

Canada’s merchant lime sector supplies essential raw materials for the steel and mining industry, the pulp and paper industry, water treatment, environmental management and other basic industries.

Achievements

Companies in the merchant lime sector represented by the Canadian Lime Institute continue to work actively to improve the energy efficiency of their operations. According to energy data available in 2003, it took 13 642 TJ of energy to produce 2050 kilotonnes of lime. This compares with 14 813 TJ and 2073 kilotonnes in 2002 and 15 526 TJ and 1848 kilotonnes in 1990. Total energy consumption decreased by 1884 TJ between 1990 and 2003, and energy intensity decreased by 20.7 percent.

Lime Sector – NAICS 327410

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Lime Sector – NAICS 327410

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Lime Sector – NAICS 327410

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LFO (Middle Distillates), LPG (Propane) and Coal Coke.

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Mining

Profile

Canada’s minerals and metals industry produces scores of different mineral commodities for domestic and export markets in facilities located across the country.

Achievements

Canadian metal ore production has fallen from 282 million tonnes in 1990 to 228 million tonnes in 2003, a decrease of 19.2 percent. Energy consumption over this period has fallen by a very similar percentage (19.4) to 81 537 TJ in 2003. The industry’s energy intensity has remained fairly level throughout the 13 years and is the same in 2003 as it was in 1990.

Metal Ore Mining Sector – NAICS 212200

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. January 1, 2005. Simon Fraser University.

Metal Ore Mining Sector – NAICS 212200

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. January 1, 2005. Simon Fraser University.

Metal Ore Mining Sector – NAICS 212200

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. January 1, 2005. Simon Fraser University.

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Oil Sands

Profile

Canada’s oil sands sector includes several plants in northern Alberta and one heavy oil upgrader in Saskatchewan. The sector is a major employer and a significant contributor to Canada’s exports and GDP.

Achievements

Data for 2003 is not available. In 2001, the last reporting year, energy consumed per unit of production rose slightly to 8.89 GJ/m³ compared with 8.84 GJ/m³ in 2000.

In 2001, the sector’s total annual production rose 95 percent since 1990 but its energy use rose only 56 percent.

In 2001, the sector’s energy consumption totalled 207 335 TJ, and its energy intensity has improved by a total of 20 percent since 1990.

Oil Sands Sector – NAICS 211114

Energy Intensity Index (1990, 1995–2001)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Oil Sands Sector – NAICS 211114

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2001)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Oil Sands Sector – NAICS 211114

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (excluding electricity) (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

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Petroleum Products

Profile

Canada’s petroleum products sector markets gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuels, lubricating oil, and other related products through a network of approximately 15 000 wholesale and retail outlets nationwide.

Achievements

Since the 1990 base year, the petroleum products sector’s total energy consumption has increased slightly by 3.8 percent to 300 PJ LHV (lower heating value). Production over the same period increased by 20.9 percent. In 2003, the sector’s energy intensity index stood at 93.0 – a 0.6 percent increase over 2002 and a 17.4 percent better level of efficiency than in 1990.

Petroleum Products Sector – NAICS 324110

Solomon Energy Intensity Index (1990, 1996–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 112.6

Data source:
Review of Energy Consumption in Canadian Oil Refineries and Upgraders: 1990, 1995 to 2003. Prepared for the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) and Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation by John Nyboer. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). January 2005. Simon Fraser University.

Petroleum Products Sector – NAICS 324110

Production and Energy Consumption (1990, 1996–2003)

Data source:
Review of Energy Consumption in Canadian Oil Refineries and Upgraders: 1990, 1995 to 2003. Prepared for the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) and Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation by John Nyboer. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). January 2005. Simon Fraser University.

Petroleum Products Sector – NAICS 324110

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr) (LHV)

Data source:
Review of Energy Consumption in Canadian Oil Refineries and Upgraders: 1990, 1995 to 2003. Prepared for the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) and Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation by John Nyboer. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). January 2005. Simon Fraser University.

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Pulp and Paper

Profile

Pulp and paper, a key component of the forest products industry, is a major contributor to Canada’s economy. Besides market pulp, the sector produces newsprint, specialty papers, paperboard, building board and other paper products.

Achievements

Pulp and paper is Canada’s leading industrial user of renewable energy, with biomass and hydro power making up over 55 percent of the sector’s energy consumption. The industry’s strategy of substituting biomass for fossil fuels and using less emissions-intensive natural gas in place of oil and coal are key components in the industry’s success in reducing CO₂ emissions. Since 1990, the industry has cut its oil consumption by 34 percent and essentially eliminated its use of coal.

Between 1990 and 2003, Canadian pulp and paper companies increased their production by 28.2 percent. The sector’s energy intensity improved 12.5 percent over the same period, all but meeting its commitment to a 1 percent annual improvement.

Pulp and Paper Sector – NAICS 322100

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Forest Products Association of Canada’s (formerly the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association) Energy Monitoring Report, 1990–2003.

Pulp and Paper Sector – NAICS 322100

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Forest Products Association of Canada’s (formerly the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association) Energy Monitoring Report, 1990–2003.

Pulp and Paper Sector – NAICS 322100

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Forest Products Association of Canada’s (formerly the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association) Energy Monitoring Report, 1990–2003.
** Other includes: Distillates, Diesel, LPG (Propane), Other Purchased Energy and Other Self-generated Energy.

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Rubber

Profile

The rubber products industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy. It represents over $5 billion in shipments and employs approximately 27 000 people in 375 establishments across the country. The industry is also very active in international trade with imports of $3.8 billion and exports of $3.2 billion.

Achievements

In 2003, the sector consumed 11 134 TJ of energy,more than double the consumption in 1990. However, over the same period, production almost tripled, leading to an overall improvement in energy intensity of 8 percent. Between 2002 and 2003, production of rubber products decreased by 1.6 percent, while energy use in the sector increased by 2.4 percent. This led to an increase in energy intensity of 4 percent between 2002 and 2003. The mix of fuels used by the rubber sector has changed very little since 1999, with natural gas and electricity representing over 80 percent of energy consumption.

Rubber Sector – NAICS 326200

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Rubber Association of Canada, March 2005.

Rubber Sector – NAICS 326200

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Rubber Association of Canada, March 2005.

Rubber Sector – NAICS 326200

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Rubber Association of Canada, March 2005.

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Steel

Profile

Canada’s steel sector is one of the country’s largest industries. Sector companies supply flat-rolled (sheet and plate), long (re-bar and structural steel) and specialty and alloy (stainless and tool steels) products for major markets in the automotive, appliance, oil and gas, machinery, construction and packaging industries.

Achievements

The steel industry has grown its output by 18 percent between 1990 and 2003. Over the same period, the sector has lowered its energy intensity by 26.5 percent. The sector’s energy intensity performance has leveled off since 2001, and has increased slightly (1.9 percent) from 15.36 GJ/tonne in 2002 to 15.65 in 2003.

Steel Sector – NAICS 331100

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Energy: 1990 actual and 1995–2003. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. November 15, 2004, per Statistics Canada, Catalogue 57-003-XIB, November 2004. Shipments: Statistics Canada Catalogue 41-001 , Primary Iron and Steel. 1990 Adjustment of Energy and Shipments: Canadian Steel Producers Association.

Steel Sector – NAICS 331100

Energy Intensity and Physical Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Energy: 1990 actual and 1995–2003. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. November 15, 2004, per Statistics Canada, Catalogue 57-003-XIB, November 2004. Shipments: Statistics Canada Catalogue 41-001 , Primary Iron and Steel. 1990 Adjustment of Energy and Shipments: Canadian Steel Producers Association.

Steel Sector – NAICS 331100

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Energy: 1990 actual and 1995–2003. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. November 15, 2004, per Statistics Canada, Catalogue 57-003-XIB, November 2004.
** Confidential data include: Coal, Pet Coke, HFO and LPG (Propane).

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Textiles

Profile

Canada’s textile industry produces the fibres, yarns, fabrics and textile articles purchased by users and customers as diverse as automotive manufacturing, clothing, construction, environmental protection, road building and retail.

Achievements

The textile industry improved its energy intensity by 35 percent between 1990 and 2003. The sector’s actual energy use dropped by 36 percent during the same period, with a slight decrease in the industry’s GDP. Since 2000, when the sector’s energy intensity reached a 13-year low of 5.53 TJ/million 1997 dollars, it has again risen by nearly 5 percent to 6.03 TJ/million in 2003. The Textiles Sector Task Force remains committed to an energy intensity reduction target of 1 percent per year through 2010. To meet this goal, the industry will build on its significant success in improving energy efficiency in recent years and will continue its ongoing consultations with governments and other stakeholders to help Canada meet its Kyoto Protocol goals.

* The new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) classifies textile producers under Artificial and Synthetic Fibres/Filaments Manufacturing (NAICS 32522), Textile Mills (NAICS 313) and Textile Product Mills (NAICS 314). NAICS sub-group 32522 includes producers of synthetic fibres and filaments. NAICS Group 313 comprises establishments that are primarily engaged in manufacturing, finishing or processing yarn or fabrics. NAICS Group 314 includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing textile products (except clothing) such as carpets, household textiles, etc. Changes to the classification of industries by Statistics Canada from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)to NAICS mean that energy data for the synthetic fibre and filament yarn industries are no longer available separately. The statistics contained in this profile cover only NAICS Groups 313 and 314 as described above.

Textiles Sector – NAICS 313, 314*

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Textiles Sector – NAICS 313, 314*

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Textiles Sector – NAICS 313, 314*

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: LFO (Middle Distillates), LPG (Liquid Propane), and Steam.

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Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Profile

The Canadian transportation equipment manufacturing sector includes companies that manufacture aircraft, aircraft parts, automobiles, motor vehicle parts, trucks, buses, trailers, railroad rolling stock, ships and pleasure boats.

Achievements

In 2003, the value of the transportation equipment manufacturing sector’s total output decreased by 2.6 percent, while its energy intensity increased by 4.5 percent. The sector’s energy usage for the year increased by 1.8 percent over 2002. In 2003, the sector consumed 63 542 TJ of energy, up 24.4 percent from 1990. However, over the same period, the sector’s GDP increased by 72.6 percent, leading to an overall improvement in energy intensity of 28 percent. The share of energy used by fuel type shows a continuing trend toward higher electricity usage (37.3 percent in 2003) and a higher usage of natural gas (53.6 percent). Use of liquid petroleum gases, middle distillates (No. 2 fuel oil) and heavy fuel oil has held comparatively steady.

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Sector – NAICS 336000

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Sector – NAICS 336000

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Sector – NAICS 336000

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: Coal, Coal Coke and Steam.

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Upstream Oil and Gas

Profile

The upstream oil and gas sector includes the companies that find and develop Canada’s vast hydrocarbon reserves. Products and services derived from this industry include heating and transportation fuels, building supplies and materials, clothing and vital medicines. The exploration and production industry is represented by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) and the Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (SEPAC).

Achievements

The sector’s (GHG) emissions intensity has decreased between 1999 and 2003 by 8.3 percent and by 12 percent since 2002. In 2003, it stands at 0.22 tonnes per cubic metre of production.

Upstream Oil and Gas Sector – NAICS 211113

(GHG) Intensity Index (1990–2003)

Data source:
CAPP, 2004 Stewardship Progress Report.

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Wood Products

Profile

The wood products sector includes three industry groups: establishments engaged in sawing logs into lumber and similar products; companies that make products that improve the natural characteristics of wood by manufacturing veneers, plywood, reconstituted wood panel products and engineered wood assemblies; and establishments that make a diverse range of wood products, such as millwork.

Achievements

Canada’s wood products sector consumed 132 956 TJ of fossil fuel and electricity in 2003. Although rising production in the sector has driven energy consumption upward since 1990, actions taken by companies to boost energy efficiency have also led to substantial improvements in energy intensity. Between 1990 and 2003, the sector’s energy intensity improved by 25 percent. This sector continues to make good progress in steadily lowering its energy intensity while increasing GDP. Throughout the industry, companies continue to install cost-effective biomass energy systems based on wood waste, displacing the use of costly natural gas. A continuing escalation in energy prices provides a powerful incentive for manufacturers of wood products to implement low-cost energy efficiency measures.

Wood Products Manufacturing Sector – NAICS 321000

Energy Intensity Index (1990–2003)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Wood Products Manufacturing Sector – NAICS 321000

Energy Intensity and Economic Output (1990–2003)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.

Wood Products Manufacturing Sector – NAICS 321000

Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

Data source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2003. December 23, 2004. Simon Fraser University.
** Confidential data include: LPG (Propane) and Steam.