An Overview of CIPEC Data GatheringYou Can’t Manage What You Don’t Measure

Accurate measurement and meaningful data are fundamental to measuring energy improvements. Data used in this report are collected primarily by Statistics Canada, with funding from Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and Environment Canada, and supplemented by information from associations participating in the Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) as well as other government bodies.

Statistics Canada data are collected through the annual Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, which covers approximately 4000 establishments in the manufacturing sector. The survey gathers information by establishment on energy fuel consumption in natural units for 13 fuel types in 87 manufacturing industries. Survey results are used to track energy efficiency improvements, calculate carbon dioxide emissions and inform the public about energy conservation.

In its continuing efforts to make it easier for companies to respond to the survey, Statistics Canada began streamlining the questionnaire and the data collection process in data reference year 2004. These changes include standardizing some special industry questionnaires, making provisions for respondents to explain major changes in energy consumption to minimize follow-up enquiries, and converting fuels to a standard unit of measure.

Data analysis and interpretation involve the collective effort of NRCan’s Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE), CIPEC trade associations and the Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC) at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. CIEEDAC then produces energy intensity indicators for each sector based on production and gross domestic product. Primary funding for CIEEDAC comes from the OEE, with additional contributions from industry associations that participate in CIPEC and from the provinces of Quebec and British Columbia.

Much of the data is available on-line. Statistics Canada data are published in CANSIM table 128-0005 – Energy fuel consumption of manufacturing industries in natural units, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and table 128-0006 – Energy fuel consumption of manufacturing industries in gigajoules, by NAICS. The link to Statistics Canada is cansim2.statcan.ca. The OEE publishes Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada on an annual basis at /corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/data_e/publications.cfm. Data from CIEEDAC are available athttp://www.cieedac.sfu.ca/CIEEDACweb/mod.php?mod=userpage&menu=16&page_id=9

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Aluminum

Profile: Canada’s aluminum sector is a world leader in aluminum production. The combined output of the industry’s plants in the provinces of Quebec and British Columbia makes a major contribution to Canada’s national and local economies.

Highlights

• The aluminum industry produced 3.051 million tonnes (t) of aluminum in 2006, which is an increase of 5.4 percent over 2005, and a 94.7 percent increase since 1990.
• Energy consumption in the aluminum sector increased 70.4 percent between 1990 and 2006 to 187 151 terajoules (TJ).
• Energy intensity over the same period decreased 12.5 percent, from 70.1 to 61.3 gigajoules/tonne (GJ/t).
• Most of the aluminum sector’s energy needs are for electricity; electricity accounts for 92 percent of the sector’s energy consumption in 2006.

Aluminum Sector – NAICS 331313
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Natural Resources Canada, Production of Canada’s Leading Minerals, December 2007.

Aluminum Sector – NAICS 331313
Total Energy and Production Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)   Production

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Natural Resources Canada, Production of Canada’s Leading Minerals, December 2007.

Aluminum Sector – NAICS 331313
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Middle Distillates (LFO) and Propane (LPG).

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.

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Brewery

Profile: The Canadian brewing industry prides itself on its world-class beers, its leadership in educating consumers to drink responsibly, its three-century history in Canada, its diversity and its impressive environmental record.

Highlights

• The Canadian brewing industry currently uses 41 percent less energy to produce a hectolitre of beer compared with 1990.
• In 2006, the industry consumed 4835 TJ of energy: 68 percent was natural gas and 22 percent was electricity.
• Process integration studies have enabled Canadian brewers to find substantial energy efficiency opportunities.

Brewery Sector – NAICS 31212
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Brewers Association of Canada. Ottawa. October 2007.

Brewery Sector – NAICS 31212
Total Energy and Production Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Production

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Brewers Association of Canada. Ottawa. October 2007.

Brewery Sector - NAICS 31212
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Middle Distillates (LFO).

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.

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Cement

Profile: The cement industry is the cornerstone of Canada’s domestic construction industries and a significant exporter that contributes substantially to the country’s balance of payments. Cement is the active component in the manufacture of concrete, comprising 10 to 15 percent of finished concrete products. Concrete is the second most consumed product next to water.

Highlights

• The cement industry produced 16.7 million t of cementitious products in 2006, which is a 34.3 percent increase since 1990.
• Energy consumption increased 15.1 percent between 1990 and 2006 to 63 900 TJ.
• Energy intensity between 1990 and 2006 decreased by 14.3 percent.
• The cement industry has a comprehensive, global strategy for achieving clean air and climate change objectives, while remaining competitive:
  • energy efficiency solutions
  • substitution of renewable and alternative energies for fossil fuels
  • substitution of supplementary cementing materials for clinker. Clinker production is energy-intensive and greenhouse gas (GHG)-intensive.
  • research and development on innovative materials and processes

Cement Sector – NAICS 327310
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Fuel Consumption and Cementious Production – Portland Cement Association (PCA), Spring 2008.

Cement Sector – NAICS 327310
Total Energy Consumption and Production Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Cementious Production

Data Source:
Fuel Consumption and Cementious Production – Portland Cement Association (PCA), Spring 2008.

Cement Sector - NAICS 327310
Energy Consumption by End Use in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Fuel Consumption and Cementious Production – Portland Cement Association (PCA), Spring 2008.

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Chemical

Profile: The chemical sector encompasses a diverse industry that produces organic and inorganic chemicals, plastics and synthetic resins. The Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association (CCPA) is the trade association that represents manufacturers in this sector. Its member companies produce the majority of industrial chemicals manufactured in Canada.

Highlights

• Product output increased 37 percent since 1992.
• Carbon dioxide emissions from all CCPA members decreased 31 percent from 1992 to 2006.
• The GHG emissions from member companies in 2006 were 60 percent less than the 1992 amounts. This reduction is millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions.

Chemical Sector – NAICS 325100, 325200
Carbon Dioxide Emissions vs. Product Output (1990–2006)
(from CCPA Member Operations)

  CO₂ Emissions Intensity
  CO₂ Emissions Intensity (Excluding Co-generation)
 CO₂ Emissions Current Members
 CO₂ Emissions All Members
 Projections

Data Source:
CCPA Reducing Emissions, 2007.

Chemical Sector – NAICS 325100, 325200
Global Warming Potential vs. Product Output (1992–2006)
(from CCPA Member Operations)

   GWP Intensity
   GWP Intensity (Excluding Co-generation)
  GWP Emissions All Members
  Projections

Data Source:
CCPA Reducing Emissions, 2007.

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Construction

Profile: The construction sector is Canada’s largest industry, composed of a diverse array of companies whose work touches every economic sector and region of the country.

Highlights

• The construction sector reduced its energy consumption 9.2 percent, and the gross domestic product (GDP) increased 40.5 percent since 1990.
• The reduction in energy use, coupled with the strong increase in GDP, led to an energy intensity improvement of more than 35 percent between 1990 and 2006.
• Increasingly, construction companies are incorporating energy-saving techniques in their building projects. Certification programs such as the Building Owners and Managers Association’s Go Green and Go Green Plus or the Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design rating system are becoming more prevalent on Canadian construction sites.
• The industry is investigating how to accelerate fleet turnovers in order to further reduce carbon dioxide emissions and realize greater energy efficiencies because more stringent engine emission standards come into effect for diesel-powered off-road engines in 2009.

Construction Sector – NAICS 23
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2008.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November  2007.

Construction Sector – NAICS 23
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2008.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Construction Sector – NAICS 23
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Energy Use – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2008.

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Dairy

Profile: Canada’s dairy product processing sector operates facilities and employs people across the country.

Highlights

• Canada’s dairies processed 74.3 million hectolitres of milk and cream in 2006, 1.2 percent more than in 1990.
• Between 1990 and 2006, the sector’s energy intensity decreased 9.3 percent.
• In 2006, 13.1 percent less energy was used to process a hectolitre of milk and cream, compared to 2000.

Dairy Sector – NAICS 3115
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Stats Can Report 23-001, The Dairy Review, August 2006 and Stats Can Report 23-014,
Dairy Statistics 2006, February 2007.

Dairy Sector – NAICS 3115
Total Energy and Production Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Production

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Stats Can Report 23-001, The Dairy Review, August 2006 and Stats Can Report 23-014,
Dairy Statistics 2006, February 2007.

Dairy Sector – NAICS 3115
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Middle Distillates (LFO).

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.

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Electrical and Electronics

Profile: The electrical and electronics sector includes companies that produce electrical appliances, lighting, consumer electronics, communications and electronic equipment, cabling, office equipment, industrial equipment and other electrical products. The industry is a major exporter and a growing contributor to the national economy.

Highlights

• In 2006, the industry consumed 11 767 TJ of energy, which is an 8.8 percent decrease from 2005.
• Between 1990 and the end of 2006, the sector’s overall energy consumption decreased 11.1 percent, despite substantial growth in the GDP.
• These factors led to an energy intensity improvement of 48 percent over the period.
• Since 2000, energy consumption has followed GDP trends fairly closely, showing a recovery from a down turn in the sector in 2001.
• While energy intensity rose between 2000 and 2005, it decreased 9 percent between 2005 and 2006.

Electrical and Electronics Sector – NAICS 334, 335
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Electrical and Electronics Sector – NAICS 334, 335
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Electrical and Electronics Sector – NAICS 334, 335
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Middle Distillates (LFO), Propane (LPG) and Wood Waste.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.

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Electricity Generation

Profile: Electricity is a major driver of the Canadian economy. Approximately one-quarter of the energy used by Canadians is electricity, and there is no substitute in most applications. Canadians use electricity generated in residential, commercial, industrial and utility sectors.

Highlights

• The electricity generation sector (utilities only) used hydropower, nuclear, fossil fuels, including coal and natural gas, and alternative and emerging generation such as biomass, wind, and solar power to produce 538 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity in 2006.
• Electricity generation has increased 26.3 percent since 1990.
• Over the same period, energy intensity increased 5.7 percent.
• Hydroelectricity accounts for the largest supply source for electricity – nearly 60 percent.
• Between 1990 and 2006, total GHG intensity increased 4.6 percent, and GHG intensity for fossil fuel generation decreased by 2 percent.

Electrical Generation – Utility Generation only *
NAICS 22111
Utility Production and Energy Intensity (1990–2006)

 Energy Intensity  Electricity Generation

* This sector excludes industrial electricity generation.

Data Source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
A Review of Energy Consumption and Production Data: Canadian Electricity Generation Industry 1990–2006. March 2008.

Electrical Generation – Utility Generation only *
NAICS 22111
Utility GHG Emissions vs. Utility Production (1990–2006)

GHG Intensity Fossil Generation
GHG Intensity All Generation
TOTAL GHG Emissions from Fossil Fuels

* This sector excludes industrial electricity generation.

Data Source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
A Review of Energy Consumption and Production Data: Canadian Electricity Generation Industry 1990–2006. March 2008.

Electrical Generation – Utility Generation only *
NAICS 22111
Utility Generation Sources

  1990    2000    2006

* This sector excludes industrial electricity generation.

Data Source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
A Review of Energy Consumption and Production Data: Canadian Electricity Generation Industry 1990–2006. March 2008.

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Fertilizer

Profile: Canada’s fertilizer industry is one of the world’s major producers and exporters of nitrogen, potash and sulphur fertilizers.

Highlights

• The Canadian fertilizer sector ranks among the lowest GHG emitters per unit of fertilizer output in the world.
• Gross nitrogen fertilizer production increased from 6.8 million tin 1990 to 9.5 million tin 2006.
• Natural gas and other fuel sources used for production of nitrogenous fertilizer totalled 55 698 TJ in 2006 compared with 47 186 TJ in 1990. This is an improvement in energy intensity of approximately 15.2 percent.
• The energy intensity of nitrogen fertilizers was 5.87 in 2006, up from 5.48 in 2005. This change is the result of a relative decrease in the production of less energy-intensive products (urea and ammonium nitrate) and an increase in the production of more energy-intensive products, such as ammonia.
• The potash production level in 2006 was 8.3 million t, which is an increase of 18.7 percent since 1990.
• For potash production, energy intensity improved by an average of more than 1 percent annually since 1990.
• Between 2005 and 2006, potash production decreased 22 percent and the energy-intensity index for potash production increased 20 percent.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Sector – NAICS 325313
Total Energy and Physical Output

 Total Energy  Production – Nitrogen Fertilizer

Data Source:
Canadian Fertilizer Institute (CFI), 1990, 1999–2006, November 2007.
Canadian Fertilizer Institute (CFI), 1995–1998, March 2006.

Potash Mines Sector – NAICS 212396
Total Energy and Physical Output

 Total Energy  Production Potash

Data Source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2007.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Sector – NAICS 325313
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Other Fuel includes Electricity, LFO (Middle Distillates) and LPG (Propane).
** Confidential includes HFO (heavy fuel oil) and Steam.

Data Source:
Natural Gas – 1990, 1999–2006, Canadian Fertilizer Institute, November 2007.
Natural Gas – 1995–1998, Canadian Fertilizer Institute, March 2006.

Other Fuels 1990–2005. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990-2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2007.

Potash Mines Sector – NAICS 212396
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC).
Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2007.

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Food and Beverage

Profile: Canada’s food and beverage sector includes manufacturers that produce meat, poultry, fish, fruit and vegetables, flour and bakery products, oils and sugars, coffee, snack foods, soft drinks and confections.

Highlights

• Canada’s food processing industry increased its GDP by 30.8 percent from 1990 to 2006.
• The sector’s energy consumption decreased 107 124 TJ in 2006 from 107 450 TJ in 2005.
• Over the past 16 years, the sector’s energy consumption increased 12.8 percent. The increase was caused by a 35 percent increase in electricity consumption.
• From 1900 to 2006, food processors decreased their collective energy intensity by 13 percent.

Food and Beverage Sector – NAICS 311, 3121
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November  2007.

Food and Beverage Sector – NAICS 311, 3121
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Food and Beverage Sector – NAICS 311, 3121
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil HFO, Middle Distillates (LFO), Propane (LPG), Wood Waste and Steam.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.

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Foundry

Profile: Metal castings are the first step in the value-added manufacturing chain and are utilized in the manufacture of most durable goods. Markets and industries served by foundries include the automotive sector, construction, agriculture, forestry, mining, pulp and paper, heavy industrial machinery and equipment, aircraft and aerospace, plumbing, soil pipe, municipal road castings, defence, railway, petroleum and petrochemical, electricity distribution and a myriad of specialty markets.

Highlights

• Canada’s foundries no longer use GHG-generating fuels such as coal in their operations, and they have eliminated the use of steam produced by coal-generated electricity.
• Escalating oil, natural gas and power costs as well as a rising Canadian dollar are motivating companies to undertake energy efficiency activities such as installing more efficient equipment, adopting better production methods, fuel switching and establishing waste-energy capture programs.
• An energy efficiency networking group for the sector was founded in the summer of 2004 and uses Web conferencing to connect foundries from Quebec, Ontario and western Canada.
• The GDP in the foundry sector decreased only 0.9 percent between 2001 and 2006, and the energy use decreased 2.3 percent. These changes indicate that the industry continues to drive energy efficiencies.
• In 2006 (similar to 2005), increased natural gas use partially displaced the more expensive electricity as a fuel commodity.Natural gas use increased 2.8 percent between 2005 and 2006, and electricity consumption decreased 7 percent.
• The leaders in the foundry sector are looking at further reducing energy consumption.

Note: 2004 and 2005 data are subject to verification.

Foundry Sector – NAICS 3315
Energy Intensity Index (2001–2006)
Base Year 2001 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa, December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Foundry Sector – NAICS 3315
Total Energy and Economic Output (2001–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa, December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Foundry Sector – NAICS 3315
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Coal Coke, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Middle Distillates (LFO) and Propane (LPG).

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa, December 2007.

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General Manufacturing

Profile: The general manufacturing sector comprises a variety of industries, including leather, clothing, furniture, printing activities, construction materials, floor coverings, insulation, glass and glass products, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. The sector encompasses approximately 2 000 small, medium-sized and large companies.

Highlights

• The general manufacturing sector’s production (GDP 1997$) increased 39.8 percent between 1990 and 2006.
• Energy intensity decreased 36.5 percent over the same period.
• Companies included in the general manufacturing sector consumed 163 788 TJ of energy in 2006, a decrease of 9 percent compared to 2005.
• The energy intensity index in the general manufacturing sector improved 10 percent in 2006 over 2005.

NAICS Category Name

Leather & Allied Product NAICS 316
Clothing & Manufacturing NAICS 315
Furniture & Related Product NAICS 337
Printing & Related Support Activities NAICS 323
Fabricated Metal Product NAICS 332
Machinery NAICS 333
Non-metallic Mineral Product not Elsewhere Classified NAICS
3271, 3272, 32732, 32733, 32739, 3274, 32742, 3279
Miscellaneous Manufacturing NAICS 339
Chemical Manufacturing not Elsewhere Classified NAICS
32522, 325314, 32532, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3259
Tobacco Product Manufacturing NAICS 3122
Converted Paper Product Manufacturing NAICS 3222

Note: Because plastic products is now a separate sector, it is NO LONGER included in general manufacturing, unlike previous years.

General Manufacturing Sector – NAICS *
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa, December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

General Manufacturing Sector – NAICS *
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa, December 2007.
Production – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

General Manufacturing Sector – NAICS *
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Coal, Coke, Petroleum Coke, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Middle Distillates (LFO), Propane (LPG), Wood Waste, Steam, Natural Gas and Electricity.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa, December 2007.

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Lime

Profile: Canada’s merchant lime sector supplies essential raw materials for the steel and mining industry, the pulp and paper industry, water treatment, environmental management and other basic industries.

Highlights

• According to energy data available in 2006, it took 14 742 TJ of energy to produce 2103 kilotonnes of lime.
• Lime sector production rose 13.8 percent between 1990 and 2006, while total energy consumed decreased 5 percent.
• Energy intensity in 2006 decreased by 4.4 percent compared to 2005 and 16.6 percent compared to 1990.

Lime Sector – NAICS 327410
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC), Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. October 2007.

Lime Sector – NAICS 327410
Total Energy and Physical Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Lime Production

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC), Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. October 2007.

Lime Sector – NAICS 327410
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), LFO (Middle Distillates), LPG (Propane), Coal Coke, Petroleum Coke, Coal, Electricity and Natural Gas.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.

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Mining

Profile: Canada’s metal mining industry produces minerals and metals for domestic and export markets.

Highlights

• Canadian metal ore production decreased from 282 million tin 1990 to 242 million tin 2006, which is a decrease of 14.2 percent.
• Energy consumption decreased 25.3 percent over the same period, which caused an improvement in energy intensity of 13 percent.
• MAC is presently updating the energy and GHG management document that encourages strong company performance under the industry’s Towards Sustainable Mining initiative.

Metal Mining Sector – NAICS 2122
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use and Production – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC), Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. January 2008.

Metal Mining Sector – NAICS 2122
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Production

Data Source:
Energy Use and Production – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC), Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. January 2008.

Metal Mining Sector – NAICS 2122
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Energy Use and Production – Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC), Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. January 2008.

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Oil Sands

Profile: Canada’s oil sands sector includes plants in northern Alberta and one heavy oil upgrader in Saskatchewan. The sector is a major employer and a significant contributor to Canada’s exports and GDP.

Highlights

• The sector’s energy intensity improved 24.1 percent since 1995, which is an average annual improvement of 2 percent. There was a 134 percent increase in production and a 78 percent increase in energy use.
• The sector’s move toward energy self-sufficiency is illustrated by the following statistics:
  • Since 1995, bitumen production has become a larger share compared with the upgraded product.
  • The sector relies heavily on process gas and natural gas, which comprised 29.5 and 45.2 percent, respectively, of the energy consumed in 2006.

Oil Sands Sector – NAICS 211114
Energy Intensity Index (1995–2006)
Base Year 1995 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board 2008 (Fort McMurray office).

Oil Sands Sector – NAICS 211114
Total Energy and Production Output (1995–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Production

Data Source:
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board 2008 (Fort McMurray office).

Oil Sands Sector – NAICS 211114
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board 2008 (Fort McMurray office).

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Petroleum Products

Profile: Canada’s petroleum products sector markets gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuels, lubricating oil and other related products through a network of approximately 15 000 wholesale and retail outlets.

Highlights

• In 2006, the petroleum products sector’s energy consumption – using lower heating values (LVH) – remained virtually the same compared to 1990 and production increased by 17.4 percent.
• The energy intensity for the sector improved 20.4 percent since 1990.

Petroleum Products Sector – NAICS 324110
Solomon Energy Intensity Index* (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 112.6

 Solomon Energy Intensity Index

*Intensity of production generated by Solomon Associates is not based on the energy and production data displayed in the Total Energy and Production graph.

Data Source:
Review of Energy Consumption in Canadian Oil Refineries: 1990, 1994 to 2006. Prepared for the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) and Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation by John Nyboer. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2008.

Petroleum Products Sector – NAICS 324110
Total Energy and Production Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Production

Data Source:
Review of Energy Consumption in Canadian Oil Refineries: 1990, 1994 to 2006. Prepared for the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) and Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation by John Nyboer. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2008.

Petroleum Products Sector – NAICS 324110
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr) (LHV)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Review of Energy Consumption in Canadian Oil Refineries: 1990, 1994 to 2006. Prepared for the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) and Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation by John Nyboer. Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC). Development of Energy Intensity Indicators for Canadian Industry 1990–2006. Simon Fraser University. March 2008.

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Plastics

Profile: The Canadian plastics processing sector is characterized by many processes and applications that use an ever-increasing variety of raw materials. The major markets served by the plastics industry are packaging, construction and automotive. This sector includes more than 146 000 people employed by approximately 3 800 companies.

Highlights

• In 2006, the GDP in the plastics sector doubled compared to 1990, and the energy use increased only 61 percent during the same period.
• These above two factors led to an improvement in energy intensity of 23.1 percent over the same period.
• Natural gas and electricity account for almost all of the energy used in the plastics sector, representing 96.1 percent of energy consumed in 2006.

Plastics Sector – NAICS 3261
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model Database and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Plastics Sector – NAICS 3261
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model Database and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Plastics Sector – NAICS 3261
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Middle Distillates (LFO), Propane (LPG) and Steam.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.

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Pulp and Paper

Profile: Pulp and paper, a key component of the forest products industry, is a major contributor to Canada’s economy. In addition to market pulp, the sector produces newsprint, specialty papers, paperboard, building board and other paper products. It is the largest industrial energy consumer, representing 25 percent of industrial energy consumption in Canada.

Highlights

• Pulp and paper is Canada’s leading industrial user of renewable energy. Biomass and small hydro power comprise 59 percent of the sector’s energy consumption.
• Under continued pressure from the appreciation of the Canadian dollar, weak North American markets (particularly newsprint) and low product prices, companies rationalized production and undertook productivity improvements.
• The industry’s strategy of substituting biomass for fossil fuels and adopting more self-generation is key to the industry’s success in controlling higher energy costs.
• Between 1990 and 2006, sector companies increased their production by 27.2 percent and energy use increased less than 1 percent.
• The sector’s energy intensity improved 20.8 percent over the same period, meeting the industry’s target of 1 percent annual improvement.

Pulp and Paper Sector – NAICS 3221
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Forest Products Association of Canada’s Energy Monitoring Report, 1990–2006. May 2008.

Pulp and Paper Sector – NAICS 3221
Total Energy and Physical Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  Pulp and Paper Production

Data Source:
Forest Products Association of Canada’s Energy Monitoring Report, 1990–2006. May 2008.

Pulp and Paper Sector – NAICS 3221
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Other includes Distillates, Diesel, LPG, Other Purchased Energy and Other Self-generated Energy.

Data Source:
Forest Products Association of Canada’s Energy Monitoring Report, 1990–2006. May 2008.

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Rubber

Profile: The rubber products industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy. It represents approximately $6 billion in shipments and employs approximately 25 700 people. The industry is also very active in international trade with imports of $4.2 billion and exports of $3.4 billion.

Highlights

• In 2006, the sector consumed 9 427 TJ of energy, a decrease of 2.3 percent compared to 1990.
• Over the same period, production increased 69.3 percent, leading to an overall improvement in energy intensity of 42.2 percent.
• Natural gas and electricity represent more than 83 percent of the sector’s energy consumption.

Rubber Sector – NAICS 3262
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Rubber Sector – NAICS 3262
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Rubber Sector – NAICS 3262
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Middle Distillates (LFO).

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.

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Steel

Profile: Canada’s steel sector is one of the country’s major industries. The industry employs more than 30 000 Canadians. The sector produces more than 15 million tof steel annually, supplying flat-rolled (sheet and plate), long (re-bar and structural steel) and specialty and alloy (stainless and tool steels) products for major markets in the automotive, appliance, oil and gas, machinery, construction and packaging industries.

Highlights

• Steel industry output increased almost 15.5 percent between 1990 and 2006.
• Over the same period, the sector lowered its energy intensity 25 percent.
• The sector’s production increased slightly in 2006 compared to 2005 (3.3 percent) and energy consumed decreased 1.9 percent, due mainly to decreases in the consumption of natural gas and electricity. This led to a 5.1 percent decrease in energy intensity between 2005 and 2006.

Steel Sector – NAICS 331100
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 (adjusted) = 1.00

 1990 Adjusted  1990 Actual

Data Source:
1990 Adjustments for Energy, Shipments & Intensity
A Review of Energy Consumption and related Data, Canadian Iron and Steel and Ferro-alloy Manufacturing Industries 1990–2006; Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC) March 2008, Section 5.1 Table 5.1.
Intensities 1991–2005
Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC) NAICS 331100 accessed July 2008. Ottawa. December 2007.
2006 Intensity
Coke 2006: Coal & Coke Statistics Catalogue 45-002-XPB HFO 2006: Report on Energy Supply & Demand, Catalogue 57-003-XIB; All others: CIEEDAC Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity Indicators NAICS 331100 accessed July 2008.

Steel Sector – NAICS 331100
Total Energy and Physical Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy  1990 Actual  Shipments  1990 Actual

Data Source:
Energy
Coke 2006: Coal & Coke Statistics Catalogue 45-002-XPB; HFO 2006: Report on Energy Supply & Demand, Catalogue 57-003-XIB; All others: CIEEDAC Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity Indicators NAICS 331100 accessed July 15, 2008.
Shipments
Primary iron & steel: Statistics Canada Catalogue 41-001-XIB; Steel, tubular products and steel wire: Statistics Canada, Cat. No. 41-019-XIE.
1990 Adjustments for Energy & Shipments
A Review of Energy Consumption and related data Canadian Iron and Steel and Ferro-alloy Manufacturing Industries 1990-2006; Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDAC) March 2008, Section 5.1 Table 5.1.

Steel Sector – NAICS 331100
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1991    2000    2006

Data Source:
Energy
Coke 2006: Coal & Coke Statistics Catalogue 45-002-XPB; HFO 2006: Report on Energy Supply & Demand, Catalogue 57-003-XIB; All others: CIEEDAC Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity Indicators NAICS 331100 accessed July 15, 2008

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Textiles

Profile: Canada’s textile industry produces the fibres, yarns, fabrics and textile articles purchased by users and customers as diverse as the automotive manufacturing, clothing, construction, environmental protection, road building and retail sectors.

Highlights

• The textile industry improved its energy intensity by almost 34.3 percent between 1990 and 2006.
• The sector’s energy use dropped 48.7 percent during the same period, and the industry’s GDP decreased 22 percent.
• Following a major improvement between 1997 and 2002, energy intensity is increasing.
• The Textiles Sector Task Force maintains a target of reducing energy intensity by 1 percent each year through 2010.

* The new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) classifies textile producers under Artificial and Synthetic Fibres/Filaments Manufacturing (NAICS 32522), Textile Mills (NAICS 313) and Textile Product Mills (NAICS 314). NAICS subgroup 32522 includes producers of synthetic fibres and filaments. NAICS Group 313 comprises establishments that are primarily engaged in manufacturing, finishing or processing yarn or fabrics. NAICS Group 314 includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing textile products (except clothing) such as carpets, household textiles, etc.. Changes to the classification of industries by Statistics Canada from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) to NAICS mean that energy data for the synthetic fibre and filament yarn industries are no longer available separately. The statistics contained in this profile cover only NAICS Groups 313 and 314 as described previously.

Textiles Sector – NAICS 313, 314 *
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Textiles Sector – NAICS 313, 314 *
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Textiles Sector – NAICS 313, 314 *
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

** Confidential includes Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Middle Distillates (LFO) and Steam.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.

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Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Profile: The Canadian transportation equipment manufacturing sector includes companies that manufacture aircraft, aircraft parts, automobiles, motor vehicle parts, trucks, buses, trailers, ships and railroad rolling stock.

Highlights

• In 2006, the sector consumed 50 560 TJ of energy, which is a decrease of 1 percent from 1990.
• Over the same period, the sector’s GDP increased 68.7 percent. The result was an improvement in energy intensity of 41.2 percent.
• The energy intensity of the transportation equipment manufacturing sector decreased 8.3 percent in 2006, relative to 2005.

Transportation Sector – NAICS 336
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006., Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Transportation Sector – NAICS 336
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Transportation Sector – NAICS 336
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

* Confidential includes Coal, Coal Coke , Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Wood.

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.

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Upstream Oil and Gas

Profile: The upstream oil and gas sector includes the companies that find and develop Canada’s oil and gas resources. The sector is broadly divided between conventional oil and gas production and oil sands production and upgrading. This section deals with the conventional production. The oil sands sector is covered separately elsewhere in this report. Products and services derived by downstream sectors from the output of this industry include heating and transportation fuels, building supplies and materials, clothing, and vital medicines. The exploration and production industry is represented by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) and the Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (SEPAC).

Highlights

• Because of shifting mixes of production, limitations in data collection methodology and incomplete data, the Stewardship GHG emission data do not allow CAPP to provide useful analysis of trends in emission performance. CAPP is working to improve the collection of data and interpretation methods as one of its 2007–2009 priorities.

Upstream Oil and Gas Sector – NAICS 211113
GHG Intensity Index (1999–2006)

 GHG Emission Intensity Conventional Oil and Gas

*2006 data represents 50 companies.

Data Source:
CAPP, 2007. 2007 CAPP Stewardship Report: Facing Our Challenges. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers.

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Wood Products

Profile: The wood products sector includes as many as 7 000 facilities in primary and secondary manufacturing. The primary grouping includes commodity-based production facilities, such as lumber and structural panels, and more specialized production facilities, such as engineered wood products and assemblies. The secondary grouping includes a diverse range of facilities that make prefabricated buildings, windows and doors, flooring, mouldings, containers and pallets, other millwork, or a myriad of other products. The energy data presented here focus on the primary manufacturing grouping.

Highlights

• Canada’s wood products sector consumed 134 337 TJ of energy in 2006, including 70 476 TJ of biomass, which represents 52.5 percent energy self-sufficiency.
• Market conditions worsened in 2006 when United States (U.S.) housing starts decreased 12.5 percent from the 2005 peak. Lumber prices decreased 16 percent and OSB prices decreased 32 percent in U.S. dollar terms.
• The 6 percent appreciation in the Canadian dollar also made market conditions worse.
• The market conditions caused capacity rationalization. An increase in energy intensity suggests that the numerous partial mill curtailments resulted in less efficient use of energy. As a result, the sector’s energy intensity increased 6.3 percent over 2005.
• Despite the setback in energy intensity in 2006, the sector’s energy intensity improved 23.3 percent between 1990 and 2006. This level is above the sector’s CIPEC target for annual improvement.

Wood Products Sector – NAICS 321
Energy Intensity Index (1990–2006)
Base Year 1990 = 1.00

 Energy Intensity Index

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Wood Products Sector – NAICS 321
Total Energy and Economic Output (1990–2006)

 Total Energy (HHV)  GDP

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.
Production – GDP – Informetrica Limited, T1 Model and National Reference Forecast, November 2007.

Wood Products Sector – NAICS 321
Energy Sources in Terajoules per Year (TJ/yr)

  1990    2000    2006

Data Source:
Energy Use – Statistics Canada, Industrial Consumption of Energy Survey, 1990, 1995–2006. Ottawa. December 2007.